Animal models and animal-free innovations for cardiovascular research: current status and routes to be explored. Consensus document of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function and the ESC Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart
Cardiovascular Research
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating research to improve diagnostics, and to discover and test novel preventive and curative therapies, all of which warrant experimental models that recapitulate human disease. The translation of basic science results to clinical practice is a challenging task, in particular for complex conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, which often result from multiple risk factors and comorbidities. This difficulty might lead some individuals to question the value of animal research, citing the translational ‘valley of death’, which largely reflects the fact that studies in rodents are difficult to translate to humans. This is also influenced by the fact that new, human-derived
Contributors
Bianca J J M Brundel
Author
Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC) Amsterdam , Netherlands (The)
Lucie Carrier
Author
Steven Chamuleau
Author
Dana Dawson
Author
Sean M Davidson
Author
University College London London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
Andreas Dendorfer
Author
Jolanda van der Velden
Author
Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC) Amsterdam , Netherlands (The)
Thomas Eschenhagen
Author
Folkert W Asselbergs
Author
Amsterdam University Medical Centre (AUMC) Amsterdam , Netherlands (The)
Ines Falcão-Pires
Author
Jeroen Bakkers
Author
Péter Ferdinandy
Author
Mauro Giacca
Author
King's College London London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
Henrique Girao
Author
Sandor Batkai
Author
Can Gollmann-Tepeköylü
Author
Mariann Gyongyosi
Author
Tomasz J Guzik
Author
Nazha Hamdani
Author
Stephane Heymans
Author
Connie R Bezzina
Author
Andres Hilfiker
Author
Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
Author
Alfons G Hoekstra
Author
Jean-Sébastien Hulot
Author
Linda W van Laake
Author
Joost Lumens
Author
Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht , Netherlands (The)
Rosalinda Madonna
Author
Lars Maegdefessel
Author
Manuel Mayr
Author
National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
Peter van der Meer
Author
Robert Passier
Author
Filippo Perbellini
Author
King's College London London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
Cinzia Perrino
Author
Maurizio Pesce
Author
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (Gen. Org.) Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
Silvia Priori
Author
Carol Ann Remme
Author
Bodo Rosenhahn
Author
Ulrich Schotten
Author
Rainer Schulz
Author
Karin R Sipido
Author
Frank van Steenbeek
Author
Cesare M Terracciano
Author
Patricia Vlasman
Author
Kak Khee Yeung
Author
Serena Zacchigna
Author
Dayenne Zwaagman
Author
Thomas Thum
Author
