Vascular access and closure management for electrophysiological interventions in 2025: a Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions of the ESC, and the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Surgery

Flavio Ribichini

Author

Philipp Sommer

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Heart and Diabetes Center NRW Bad Oeynhausen , Germany

Roland Tilz

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Jorge Toquero Ramos

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Iron Gate Majadahonda University Hospital Majadahonda , Spain

Stylianos Tzeis

Author

Alireza Sepehri Shamloo

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Tom J R De Potter

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Cardiovascular Research Center Aalst Aalst , Belgium

Claudio Tondo

Author

Borislav Dinov

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Ignacio Fernández-Lozano

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Piotr Kulakowski

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Chiara Valeriano

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Luigi Di Biase

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Francesco Burzotta

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Finn Akerstrom

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Roman Gottardi

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Salvatore Cassese

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Malcolm Finlay

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Dhiraj Gupta

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Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital Liverpool , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland

Josef Kautzner

Author

Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM) Prague , Czechia

Antonio Miceli

Author

Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio Hospital IRCCS Milan , Italy

Sotirios Nedios

Author

Katarzyna Malaczynska-Rajpold

Author

Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Harefield, Uxbridge , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland

Hemanth Ramanna

Author