How to use cardiopulmonary exercise testing in cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation

5 November 2018
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Over the last 30 years, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) has gained widespread acceptance as the gold standard for exercise capacity assessment and prognostic stratification in both normal subjects and patients with cardiovascular and several non-cardiovascular diseases in stable clinical conditions.

References

Standards for the use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the functional evaluation of cardiac patients: a report from the Exercise Physiology Section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation
Mezzani A, Agostoni P, Cohen-Solal A, Corrà U, Jegier A, Kouidi E, Mazic S, Meurin P, Piepoli M, Simon A, Laethem CV, Vanhees L.
Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2009;16(3):249-267

Clinician's Guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
American Heart Association Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease; Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research.
Balady GJ, Arena R, Sietsema K, Myers J, Coke L, Fletcher GF, Forman D, Franklin B, Guazzi M, Gulati M, Keteyian SJ, Lavie CJ, Macko R, Mancini D, Milani RV
Circulation 2010;122(2):191-225

Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation.
A Joint Position Statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation.
Mezzani A (Co-Chair), Hamm LF (Co-Chair), Jones AM, McBride PE, Moholdt T, Stone JA, Urhausen A, Williams MA.
Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012 and J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2012, in press

EACPR/AHA Scientific Statement - Clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations
Guazzi M (co-chair), Arena R (co-chair), Adams V, Conraads V, Fletcher GF, Forman DE, Halle M, Kitzman DW, Lavie CJ, Mezzani A, Myers J, Vanhees L.
Eur Heart J and Circulation 2012, in press

Principles of exercise testing and interpretation, including pathophysiology and clinical applications
Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, Stringer WW, Whipp BJ.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005

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