Safety and effectiveness of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: insights from the SPUM-ACS study

Data on glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) use in real-world acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients following the introduction of potent P₂Y₁₂ inhibitors and newer-generation stents are scant. Here, we aimed to assess the utilization, effectiveness, and safety of GPI in a large prospective multicentre cohort of contemporary ACS patients.

SPUM-ACS prospectively recruited patients presenting with ACS between 2009 and 2017. The primary endpoint of the present study was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke at 1 year. Secondary endpoints were defined as any bleeding events, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 3–5 bleeding, and net adverse cardiovascular events (NACE). A total of 4395 ACS patients were included in the analysis. GPI-treated patients had more total coronary artery occlusion (56% vs. 35%, P < 0.001) and thrombus (60% vs. 35%, P < 0.001) at angiography. Among the propensity score-matched (PSM) population (1992 patients equally split into two groups), GPI-treated patients showed lower risk of MACE [PSM adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.49–0.99], but a higher risk of any (PSM adjusted HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.06–1.99) and major bleedings (PSM adjusted HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09–2.76), resulting in a neutral effect on NACE (PSM adjusted HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.65–1.17). These results remained consistent across all subgroups.

In patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and receiving potent P₂Y₁₂ inhibitors, we observed a reduced risk of MACE and an increased risk of major bleedings at 1 year in patients treated with GPI. Although the routine use of GPI is currently not recommended, they might be considered in selected patients following a personalized balancing between ischaemic and bleeding risks.