Electrical isolation of the right ventricular outflow tract in idiopathic ventricular tachycardia: a case report

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) originating in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is the most common form of idiopathic VT. Catheter ablation of right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (RVOT-VT) is associated with high success rates. However, non-inducibility of VT on electrophysiological (EP) study can severely impact ablation outcome. We describe a novel catheter ablation strategy which proved feasible and safe in a case of highly symptomatic, non-inducible RVOT-VT.

A 51-year-old male with a history of non-sustained VT (NSVT) was referred to our hospital after two syncopal episodes resulting in collapse. Upon admission, a cluster of monomorphic NSVT (250–270 b.p.m.) resulted in haemodynamic instability and required transfer to the intensive care unit. On twelve-lead electrocardiogram, NSVT showed inferior axis and left bundle branch block, suggestive of RVOT-VT. Diagnostic workup including echocardiography, coronary angiography, and late enhancement computed tomography (CT) revealed no evidence of structural heart disease. On two EP studies, non-inducibility of clinical VT despite repeated ventricular pacing and isoproterenol infusion rendered precise mapping of triggered activity unfeasible. Therefore, a bailout ablation strategy was developed by performing a circumferential electrical RVOT isolation using a 3.5 mm irrigated-tip ablation catheter under the guidance of high-density electroanatomic mapping (CARTO® 3) and CT reconstruction of cardiac anatomy. No procedural complications occurred, and the patient remained arrhythmia-free during a 6-month follow-up period.

Catheter ablation is a first-line therapy for symptomatic and drug-refractory idiopathic RVOT-VT. Non-inducibility of RVOT-VT represents a relevant limitation for successful ablation which might be overcome by electrical RVOT isolation as a bailout ablation strategy.