Bachelor of Medicine, University of Kuopion, 1978 Licenciate of Medicine (MD), University of Kuopio, 1981 Specialist in Internal Medicine, University of Kuopio, 1988 Specialist (subspecialty) in Geriatrics, University of Kuopio, 1991 Academic dissertation, University of Kuopio, 1991 Docent (adjunct professor) in Internal Medicine, University of Kuopio, 1993 Specialist (subspecialty) in Endocrinology, University of Kuopio, 1997 Special competence in the treatment of diabetes, Finnish Medical Association, 1997 Special competence in the treatment of wounds, Finnish Medical Association, 2018 Professor of Medicine years 2001-2012 and chief physician (part-time), Endocrinology and Diabetology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital Head of Unit, Pharmacovigilance and Drug Info. at Finnish Medical Agency, Helsinki, Finland 2013-2014 Current position: Chief physician, adjunct professor, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Helsinki University Hospital from 3.2.2015