Effectiveness of nurse-led self-care management programme on cardiac self-efficacy and health-related quality of life among post-percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty patients

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant global health concern, accounting for a substantial number of deaths and disabilities worldwide. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a minimally invasive cardiac intervention for patients with coronary artery disease, after which they are required to become actively engaged in self-care behaviours. However, such comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation services are not widely available in resource-limited countries.

The Present research study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Nurse-Led self-care management programme on cardiac self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in post-PTCA patients.

Conveniently selected 40 post-PTCA patients were randomised into an experimental and control group using sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes. Patients diagnosed with any other chronic disease (oncologic conditions, traumatic and degenerative brain disorders, renal diseases, HIV, Congenital or acquired impairment) and cognitive impairment were excluded. The nurse-led self-care management programme consisted of three key components: structured discharge teaching, tailored video, and telephonic follow-up. It targeted five health behaviors: smoking cessation, a heart-healthy diet, physical activity, medication adherence, and stress management. Pre-intervention data were collected using the 5-point Sullivan cardiac self-efficacy scale and Mac New Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire on post-PTCA day 2. Thereafter, the self-care management program was administered, and telephonic follow-up was carried out on days 7 and 12. Post-intervention data were collected on the 15th and 30th days after the intervention.

Mean age in the experimental group was 54.7±6.1 as compared to 57.6±7.1 in the control group. Both groups had a similar distribution of gender (65% male and 35% female). The majority (60%) in the experimental group had a BMI ≥25 kg/m², compared to 40% in the control group. The majority (60% in the experimental group and 65% in the control group) of the patients had either double or triple vessel disease. Following the intervention, there was a significant increase in all subscales and total cardiac self-efficacy (CSE) as well as in all domains of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

The present study's findings suggest the effectiveness of a nurse-led self-care management program in improving these outcomes, emphasising the need for integrating such interventions into routine post-PTCA care.