hemodynamic monitoring of blood pressure and oxygen saturation in patients under mild sedation during percutaneous coronary interventions

Interventional cardiology has evolved significantly over the past twenty-five years. Percutaneous coronary interventions are commonly performed under mild sedation to improve patient comfort and cooperation. Procedure-related stressors, including fear of the unknown, fear of pain, and anxiety, may affect hemodynamic stability during the procedure. Therefore, continuous hemodynamic monitoring particularly blood pressure and oxygen saturation is essential for the early detection and management of adverse physiological alterations during percutaneous coronary interventions.

The aim of this study was to investigate hemodynamic alterations with emphasis on blood pressure and oxygen saturation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions under mild sedation.

The sample of participants was 288 people, where the 115 people constituted the control group and 173 the experimental group. Of these, 83 people received fentanyl and 90 midazolam five minutes before the start of the procedure. Blood pressure and oxygen saturation were recorded before, during the procedure, and at the end of it.

Regarding arterial blood pressure, statistically significant differences were observed only after the procedure. Systolic blood pressure was lower in the midazolam group compared to the fentanyl group and the control group (122.08 ± 11.78 vs. 124.43 ± 12.81 and 128.30 ± 15.68, respectively; p = 0.004 compared with the control group). Significant differences were also observed in oxygen saturation, with the control group differing significantly from the fentanyl group both during the procedure (96.95 ± 1.87) and after the procedure (96.83 ± 1.69 vs. 95.90 ± 1.87, p < 0.001).

Mild sedation during percutaneous coronary interventions appears to be safe when accompanied by systematic and continuous hemodynamic monitoring. Early recognition and prompt management of hemodynamic changes contribute to patient safety and the successful completion of the procedure.