Early vs. late resistance training in post-operative cardiac rehabilitation

Resistance training (RT) in post-operative cardiac rehabilitation (CR) complements aerobic exercise, enhancing physical capacity, independence, and quality of life. Traditionally, RT is delayed 6–8 weeks to reduce risks such as sternal instability and impaired healing after median sternotomy. However, emerging evidence suggests early RT (≤4 weeks) may be safe and beneficial for selected patients, improving recovery and functional outcomes. This paper explores the debate between traditional delay and early initiation, weighing potential benefits against risks to safety and healing. With growing support for early RT, should conventional timelines be reconsidered to optimize rehabilitation and long-term health?