Endomyocardial biopsy: safety and prognostic utility in paediatric and adult myocarditis in the European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Long-Term Registry
European Heart Journal

Abstract
Contemporary multicentre data on clinical and diagnostic spectrum and outcome in myocarditis are limited. Study aims were to describe baseline features, 1-year follow-up, and baseline predictors of outcome in clinically suspected or biopsy-proven myocarditis (2013 European Society of Cardiology criteria) in adult and paediatric patients from the EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Long-Term Registry.
Five hundred eighty-one (68.0% male) patients, 493 adults, median age 38 (27–52) years, and 88 children, aged 8 (3–13) years, were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (
Endomyocardial biopsy, mainly right ventricular, had a similarly low complication rate in children and adults (4.7% vs. 4.9%,
Endomyocardial biopsy was safe, and cardiac magnetic resonance using Lake Louise criteria was less sensitive, particularly in children. Virus-negative lymphocytic myocarditis was predominant both in children and adults, and use of immunosuppressive treatments was low. Lower left ventricular ejection fraction and the need for immunosuppressants at diagnosis were independent predictors of unfavourable outcome events at 1 year.
Contributors

M Schild-Ungerbuehler
Author

Juan P Kaski
Author

Juan R Gimeno
Author

Perry M Elliott
Author

Cecile Laroche
Author

Luigi Tavazzi
Author

Michal Tendera
Author

Michael Fu
Author

M Kindermann
Author

J P Kaski
Author

Simone Sala
Author

Petar M Seferovic
Author

G Norrish
Author

E Field
Author

Tiina Heliö
Author

P Elliott
Author

Leonardo Calò
Author

Olga Blagova
Author

M Lorenzini
Author

Ahmad Amin
Author

O Watkinson
Author

Ingrid Kindermann
Author

E Wicks
Author

Gianfranco Sinagra
Author

Andrea Frustaci
Author

Daniel Bonnet
Author

A Anastasakis
Author

Philippe Charron
Author

K Ritsatos
Author

Aldo P Maggioni
Author

R Ferrari
Author

V Vlagkouli
Author

S Rammos
Author

A Alonso
Author

G Kourelis
Author

J Bax
Author

C Blomström-Lundqvist
Author

S Gielen
Author

A Giannakopoulou
Author

E Karanasios
Author

P Papachristou
Author

P Lancellotti
Author

G Papadopoulos
Author

A P Maggioni
Author

N Maniadakis
Author

F Pinto
Author

G Servos
Author

M Maleki
Author

F Noohi Bezanjani
Author

F Ruschitzka
Author

L Tavazzi
Author

A Amin
Author

N Naderi
Author

M Parsaee
Author

S Taghavi
Author

P Vardas
Author

B Ghadrdoost
Author

S Jafari
Author

M Khoshavi
Author

F Weidinger
Author

P Della Bella
Author

S Sala
Author

U Zeymer
Author

G Peretto
Author

R Calabro
Author

A Vahanian
Author

A Budaj
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G Pacileo
Author

N Dagres
Author

M G Russo
Author

N Danchin
Author

G Limongelli
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A Esposito
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F Gragnano
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R Gravino
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V Delgado
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J Emberson
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T Marrazzo
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O Friberg
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C P Gale
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G Heyndrickx
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D Masarone
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V Pazzanese
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M Rubino
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B Iung
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S Tramonte
Author

F Valente
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M Caiazza
Author

S James
Author

A P Kappetein
Author

P Calabro
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A P Maggioni
Author

N Maniadakis
Author

K V Nagy
Author

A Cirillo
Author

G Parati
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A-S Petronio
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B Trimarco
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M Pietila
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E Prescott
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F Ruschitzka
Author

M-A Losi
Author

F Van de Werf
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F Weidinger
Author

U Zeymer
Author

C Di Nardo
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A Giamundo
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F Pacelli
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C P Gale
Author

B Beleslin
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A Budaj
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G Canciello
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S Iliceto
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O Chioncel
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N Dagres
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N Danchin
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J Emberson
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D Erlinge
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A Caforio
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C Calore
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M Glikson
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L Leoni
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A Gray
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M Kayikcioglu
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M Perazzolo Marra
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I Rigato
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A P Maggioni
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G Tarantini
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K V Nagy
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A Nedoshivin
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A Schiavo
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A-P Petronio
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M Testolina
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J W Roos-Hesselink
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L Wallentin
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F Fedele
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A Frustaci
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U Zeymer
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M Alfarano
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C Chimenti
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F Drago
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B A Popescu
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A Baban
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L Calò
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D Adlam
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C Lanzillo
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A Martino
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A L P Caforio
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M Uguccioni
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E Zachara
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D Capodanno
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M Dweck
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G Halasz
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F Re
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G Sinagra
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D Erlinge
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M Glikson
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C Carriere
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M Merlo
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J Hausleiter
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B Iung
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F Ramani
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M Kayikcioglu
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A Kavoliuniene
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P Ludman
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A Krivickiene
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E Tamuleviciute-Prasciene
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M Viezelis
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L Lund
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L Balkeviciene
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M Laukyte
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E Paleviciute
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A P Maggioni
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F Asselbergs
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N De Jonge
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J H Kirkels
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S Matskeplishvili
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B Meder
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J Van Der Heijden
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K V Nagy
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A Nedoshivin
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D Neglia
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L Van Laake
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A Sammani
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K Mizia-Stec
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A A Pasquet
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M Tendera
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M Wybraniec
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J W Roos-Hesselink
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F J Rossello
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S M Shaheen
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A Czekaj
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A Torbica
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Alida Caforio
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Juan Ramon Gimeno Blanes
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A Sikora-Puz
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A Skoczynska
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P Rubis
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S Wisniowska-Smialek
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Philippe Charron
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Perry Elliott
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Juan Pablo Kaski
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Aldo P Maggioni
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J Grzybowski
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N Ojrzynska
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Luigi Tavazzi
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Michal Tendera
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J Pihkala
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Z Bilinska
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P Chmielewski
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B Foss-Nieradko
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E Michalak
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T Ojala
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A Hiippala
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T Jarvinen
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M Stepien-Wojno
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B Mazek
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J Lommi
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G Brzezinska-Rajszys
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T Helio
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L Ziolkowska
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A Boruc
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E Plodzien
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J Sinisalo
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D Bonnet
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D Khraiche
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I Szezepanski
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P Charron
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S Mankikian
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C Maupain
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L Rocha Lopes
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J-P Collet
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A R Almeida
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E Gandjbakhch
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A C Gomes
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A R Pereira
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M Kerneis
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J-F Pruny
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C Ginghina
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A Bauer
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B Pfeiffer
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S B Felix
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R Jurcut
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D Beug
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M Dorr
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S Kaczmarek
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K Lehnert
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A-L Pedersen
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E Apetrei
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S Militaru
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M Bruder
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I Mircea Coman
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A Mursa
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M Gorenflo
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R Arnold
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S Uhl
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V Ziesenitz
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A Jung
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B A Popescu
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E Roesch
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A Frigy
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M Böhm
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L Fehervari
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I Kindermann
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Y Linicus
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Z Fogarasi
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C Werner
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B Neurath
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I Kocsis
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I A Szabo
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I Nikitin
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E Resnik
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M Komissarova
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V Lazarev
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M Shebzukhova
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D Ustyuzhanin
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O Blagova
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I Alieva
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V Kulikova
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Y Lutokhina
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E Pavlenko
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N Varionchik
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E Zaklyazminskaya
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A D Ristic
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P M Seferovic
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I Milinkovic
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F Gran Ipina
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F Roses Noguer
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D Albert Brotons
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A Cequier
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J Salazar-Mendiguchia
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N Manito
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P Garcia-Pavia
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A Briceno
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M Cobo-Marcos
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F Dominguez
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J R Gimeno Blanes
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F J Castro
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C Munoz Esparza
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M Sabater Molina
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