Endomyocardial biopsy: safety and prognostic utility in paediatric and adult myocarditis in the European Society of Cardiology EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Long-Term Registry
European Heart Journal

Abstract
Contemporary multicentre data on clinical and diagnostic spectrum and outcome in myocarditis are limited. Study aims were to describe baseline features, 1-year follow-up, and baseline predictors of outcome in clinically suspected or biopsy-proven myocarditis (2013 European Society of Cardiology criteria) in adult and paediatric patients from the EURObservational Research Programme Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis Long-Term Registry.
Five hundred eighty-one (68.0% male) patients, 493 adults, median age 38 (27–52) years, and 88 children, aged 8 (3–13) years, were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 (
Endomyocardial biopsy, mainly right ventricular, had a similarly low complication rate in children and adults (4.7% vs. 4.9%,
Endomyocardial biopsy was safe, and cardiac magnetic resonance using Lake Louise criteria was less sensitive, particularly in children. Virus-negative lymphocytic myocarditis was predominant both in children and adults, and use of immunosuppressive treatments was low. Lower left ventricular ejection fraction and the need for immunosuppressants at diagnosis were independent predictors of unfavourable outcome events at 1 year.
Contributors

M Schild-Ungerbuehler
Author

M Kindermann
Author

J P Kaski
Author

G Norrish
Author

E Field
Author

P Elliott
Author

M Lorenzini
Author

O Watkinson
Author

E Wicks
Author

A Anastasakis
Author

K Ritsatos
Author

Juan P Kaski
Author

Juan R Gimeno
Author

Perry M Elliott
Author

V Vlagkouli
Author

Cecile Laroche
Author

S Rammos
Author

G Kourelis
Author

A Giannakopoulou
Author

Luigi Tavazzi
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E Karanasios
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P Papachristou
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G Papadopoulos
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Michal Tendera
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G Servos
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Michael Fu
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M Maleki
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Simone Sala
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Petar M Seferovic
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F Noohi Bezanjani
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A Amin
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N Naderi
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M Parsaee
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S Taghavi
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Tiina Heliö
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B Ghadrdoost
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S Jafari
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Leonardo Calò
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M Khoshavi
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Olga Blagova
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Ahmad Amin
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P Della Bella
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Ingrid Kindermann
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S Sala
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G Peretto
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Gianfranco Sinagra
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R Calabro
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Andrea Frustaci
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G Pacileo
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M G Russo
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Daniel Bonnet
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G Limongelli
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Philippe Charron
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A Esposito
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Aldo P Maggioni
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F Gragnano
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R Ferrari
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R Gravino
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A Alonso
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T Marrazzo
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J Bax
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C Blomström-Lundqvist
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D Masarone
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S Gielen
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V Pazzanese
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P Lancellotti
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M Rubino
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A P Maggioni
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S Tramonte
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N Maniadakis
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F Valente
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F Pinto
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M Caiazza
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F Ruschitzka
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P Calabro
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A Cirillo
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L Tavazzi
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B Trimarco
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M-A Losi
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P Vardas
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C Di Nardo
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A Giamundo
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F Pacelli
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F Weidinger
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U Zeymer
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G Canciello
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A Vahanian
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A Budaj
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S Iliceto
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A Caforio
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C Calore
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N Dagres
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N Danchin
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L Leoni
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V Delgado
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J Emberson
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M Perazzolo Marra
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O Friberg
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I Rigato
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C P Gale
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G Heyndrickx
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G Tarantini
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A Schiavo
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B Iung
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M Testolina
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S James
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F Fedele
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A P Kappetein
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A Frustaci
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A P Maggioni
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N Maniadakis
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M Alfarano
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C Chimenti
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F Drago
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A Baban
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L Calò
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C Lanzillo
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A Martino
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M Uguccioni
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E Zachara
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G Halasz
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F Re
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G Sinagra
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C Carriere
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M Merlo
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F Ramani
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A Kavoliuniene
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A Krivickiene
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E Tamuleviciute-Prasciene
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M Viezelis
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J Celutkiene
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L Balkeviciene
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M Laukyte
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E Paleviciute
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F Asselbergs
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N De Jonge
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J H Kirkels
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J Van Der Heijden
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L Van Laake
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A Sammani
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K Mizia-Stec
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M Tendera
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M Wybraniec
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A Czekaj
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A Sikora-Puz
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A Skoczynska
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P Rubis
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S Wisniowska-Smialek
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J Grzybowski
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N Ojrzynska
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Z Bilinska
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P Chmielewski
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B Foss-Nieradko
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E Michalak
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M Stepien-Wojno
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B Mazek
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G Brzezinska-Rajszys
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L Ziolkowska
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A Boruc
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E Plodzien
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L Rocha Lopes
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A R Almeida
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I A Szabo
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I Nikitin
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M Komissarova
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M Shebzukhova
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D Ustyuzhanin
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O Blagova
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I Alieva
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V Kulikova
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Y Lutokhina
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E Pavlenko
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N Varionchik
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E Zaklyazminskaya
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S Dzemeshkevich
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E Kolbasova
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N Kotlukova
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V Rusinova
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K V Nagy
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A D Ristic
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G Parati
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P M Seferovic
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A Pavlovic
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A-S Petronio
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G Radovanovic
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M Pietila
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D Simeunovic
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E Prescott
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I Zivkovic
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I Milinkovic
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F Gran Ipina
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F Roses Noguer
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D Albert Brotons
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F Ruschitzka
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F Van de Werf
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A Cequier
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F Weidinger
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J Salazar-Mendiguchia
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U Zeymer
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J Gonzalez
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N Manito
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C P Gale
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P Garcia-Pavia
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B Beleslin
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M Cobo-Marcos
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N Dagres
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F Dominguez
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N Danchin
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J R Gimeno Blanes
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J Emberson
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F J Castro
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D Erlinge
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C Munoz Esparza
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M Glikson
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M Sabater Molina
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P L Sanchez Fernandez
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U Zeymer
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B A Popescu
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E Villacorta
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D Adlam
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C Avila
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A L P Caforio
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L Bravo
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D Capodanno
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E Diaz-Pelaez
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M Dweck
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M Gallego-Delgado
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L Garcia-Cuenllas
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D Erlinge
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B Plata
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M Glikson
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M Fu
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U Canpolat
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J Hausleiter
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B Iung
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M Kayikcioglu
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P Ludman
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L Lund
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A P Maggioni
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S Matskeplishvili
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B Meder
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K V Nagy
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A Nedoshivin
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D Neglia
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A A Pasquet
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J W Roos-Hesselink
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F J Rossello
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S M Shaheen
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A Torbica
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Alida Caforio
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Juan Ramon Gimeno Blanes
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Philippe Charron
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Perry Elliott
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Juan Pablo Kaski
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Aldo P Maggioni
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Luigi Tavazzi
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Michal Tendera
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J Pihkala
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T Ojala
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A Hiippala
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T Jarvinen
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J Lommi
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T Helio
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J Sinisalo
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D Bonnet
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D Khraiche
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I Szezepanski
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P Charron
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S Mankikian
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C Maupain
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J-P Collet
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E Gandjbakhch
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M Kerneis
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J-F Pruny
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A Bauer
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