Outcomes of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion device implantation in atrial fibrillation patients based on underlying stroke risk

To determine outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients undergoing percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) based on the underlying stroke risk (defined by the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score).

Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample for calendar years 2016–20. Left atrial appendage occlusion implantations were identified on the basis of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification code of 02L73DK. The study sample was stratified on the basis of the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score into three groups (scores of 3, 4, and ≥5). The outcomes assessed in our study included complications and resource utilization. A total of 73 795 LAAO device implantations were studied. Approximately 63% of LAAO device implantations occurred in patients with CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores of 4 and ≥5. The crude prevalence of pericardial effusion requiring intervention was higher with increased CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (1.4% in patients with a score of ≥5 vs. 1.1% in patients with a score of 4 vs. 0.8% in patients with a score of 3, P < 0.01). In the multivariable model adjusted for potential confounders, CHA₂DS₂-VASc scores of 4 and ≥5 were found to be independently associated with overall complications [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.35, and aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.73–2.04, respectively] and prolonged length of stay (aOR 1.18, 95% CI 1.11–1.25, and aOR 1.54, 95% CI 1.44–1.66, respectively).

A higher CHA₂DS₂-VASc score was associated with an increased risk of peri-procedural complications and resource utilization after LAAO. These findings highlight the importance of patient selection for the LAAO procedure and need validation in future studies.