Single-site ventricular pacing via the coronary sinus in patients with tricuspid valve disease

To evaluate coronary sinus single-site (CS_SS) left ventricular pacing in adult patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) when traditional right ventricular lead implantation is not feasible or is contraindicated.

We performed a retrospective analysis of 23 patients with tricuspid valve surgery/disease who received a CS_SS ventricular pacing lead to avoid crossing the tricuspid valve. Two matched control populations were obtained from patients receiving (i) conventional right ventricular single-site (RV_SS) leads and (ii) coronary sinus leads for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CS_CRT). Main outcomes of interest were lead stability, electrical lead parameters and change in LVEF during long-term follow-up. Successful CS_SS pacing was accomplished in all 23 patients without any procedural complications. During the 5.3 ± 2.8-year follow-up 22/23 (95.7%) leads were functional with stable pacing and sensing parameters, and 1/23 (4.3%) was extracted for unrelated reasons. Compared to CS_SS leads, the lead revision/abandonment was similar with RV_SS leads (Hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.03, 22.0), but was higher with CS_CRT leads (HR 7.41, 95% CI 1.30, 139.0). There was no difference in change in LVEF between CS_SS and RV_SS groups (–2.4 ± 11.0 vs. 1.5 ± 12.8, P = 0.76), but LVEF improved in CS_CRT group (11.2 ± 16.5%, P = 0.002). Fluoroscopy times were longer during implantation of CS_SS compared to RV_SS leads (25.6 ± 24.6 min vs. 12.3 ± 18.6 min, P = 0.049).

In patients with normal LVEF, single-site ventricular pacing via the coronary sinus is a feasible, safe and reliable alternative to right ventricular pacing.