Thiazolidinediones are associated with a decreased risk of atrial fibrillation compared with other antidiabetic treatment: a nationwide cohort study

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between thiazolidinediones (TZDs) vs. other antidiabetic drugs and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in diabetic patients.

Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) increases the risk of AF by approximately 34%. TZD is an insulin sensitizer that also has anti-inflammatory effects, which might decrease the risk of AF compared with other antidiabetic drugs. We used data from the Danish nationwide registries to study 108 624 patients with diabetes and without prior AF who were treated with metformin or sulfonylurea as first-line drugs. The incidence of AF was significantly lower with TZD as the second-line antidiabetic treatment compared with other second-line antidiabetic drugs (P < 0.001). The 10 year cumulative incidence [95% confidence interval (95% CI)] of AF was 6.2% (3.1–9.3%) with TZD vs. 10.2% (9.8–10.6%) with other antidiabetic drugs. The decreased risk of AF remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities with a hazard ratio (95% CI) of 0.76 (0.57–1.00), P = 0.047 associated with TZD treatment compared with other antidiabetic drugs.

Use of a TZD to treat diabetes was associated with reduced risk of developing AF compared with other antidiabetic drugs as second-line treatment.