Resting right ventricular function is associated with exercise performance in PAH, but not in CTEPH

To assess whether resting right ventricular (RV) function assessed by Global RV longitudinal strain (RVLS) and RV fractional area change (FAC) is associated with exercise performance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

We prospectively recruited 46 consecutive patients with PAH and 42 patients with CTEPH who were referred for cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and transthoracic echocardiography. Resting RV systolic function was assessed with RVLS and FAC. CPET parameters analyzed were percentage of predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) and the slope of ventilation against carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO₂). Spearman correlation was performed between echocardiographic measurements and CPET measurements. In PAH, spearman correlation found an association between RVLS and VE/VCO₂ (coefficient = 0.556, P < 0.001) and percentage predicted VO₂max (coefficient = −0.393, P = 0.007), while FAC was associated with VE/VCO₂ (coefficient = −0.481, P = 0.001) and percentage of predicted VO₂max (coefficient = 0.356, P = 0.015). Conversely, in CTEPH, resting RV function was neither associated with percentage of predicted VO₂max nor with VE/VCO₂, whether assessed by RVLS or FAC.

In PAH, resting RV function as assessed by FAC or RVLS is associated with exercise performance and could therefore make a significant contribution to non-invasive assessment in PAH patients. This association is not found in CTEPH, suggesting a disconnection between resting RV function and exercise performance, with implications for the use of exercise measurements as a prognostic marker and clinical/research endpoint in CTEPH.