Efficacy of losartan vs. atenolol for the prevention of aortic dilation in Marfan syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

To determine the efficacy of losartan vs. atenolol in aortic dilation progression in Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients.

A phase IIIb, randomized, parallel, double-blind study was conducted in 140 MFS patients, age range: 5–60 years, with maximum aortic diameter <45 mm who received losartan (n = 70) or atenolol (n = 70). Doses were raised to a maximum of 1.4 mg/kg/day or 100 mg/day. The primary end-point was the change in aortic root and ascending aorta maximum diameter indexed by body surface area on magnetic resonance imaging after 36 months of treatment. No serious drug-related adverse effects were observed. Five patients presented aortic events during a follow-up (one in the losartan and four in the atenolol groups, P = 0.366). After 3 years of follow-up, aortic root diameter increased significantly in both groups: 1.1 mm (95% CI 0.6–1.6) in the losartan and 1.4 mm (95% CI 0.9–1.9) in the atenolol group, with aortic dilatation progression being similar in both groups: absolute difference between losartan and atenolol −0.3 mm (95% CI −1.1 to 0.4, P = 0.382) and indexed by BSA −0.5 mm/m² (95% CI −1.2 to 0.1, P = 0.092). Similarly, no significant differences were found in indexed ascending aorta diameter changes between the losartan and atenolol groups: −0.3 mm/m² (95% CI −0.8 to 0.3, P = 0.326).

Among patients with MFS, the use of losartan compared with atenolol did not result in significant differences in the progression of aortic root and ascending aorta diameters over 3 years of follow-up.