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Graduated in medicine at the University of Amsterdam in 1981, he completed his cardiology training at the University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands in 1987, where he continued working as clinical cardiologist and electrophysiologist. He obtained a PhD at the University of Groningen in 1993 on 'Changes of Intracardiac Conduction Induced by Anti-arrhythmic Drugs - Importance of Use and Reverse Use-dependence'. He currently is emeritus professor of Cardiology, Maastricht University and Cardiovascular research Institute Maastricht (CARIM).
Contributions to the field include improved rate/rhythm control (RACE-trials, HATCH score), stroke prevention (CHA2DS2-VASc) and bleeding in AF (HAS-BLED). Current interests: idiopathic AF, atherothrombotic mechanisms in AF progression; hybrid AF ablation; early rhythm control in high risk AF.
