‘Real-world’ observational studies in arrhythmia research: data sources, methodology, and interpretation. A position document from European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific HRS (APHRS), and Latin America HRS (LAHRS)
EP Europace Journal
Abstract
The field of observational studies or “real world studies” is in rapid development with many new techniques introduced and increased understanding of traditional methods. For this reason the current paper provides an overview of current methods with focus on new techniques. Some highlights can be emphasized: We provide an overview of sources of data for observational studies. There is an overview of sources of bias and confounding. Next There is an overview of causal inference techniques that are increasingly used. The most commonly used techniques for statistical modelling are reviewed with focus on the important distinction of risk versus prediction. The final section provides examples of common problems with reporting observational data.
Contributors
Andreas Goette
Author
Peter Bronnum Nielsen
Author
Tatjana Potpara
Author
Laurent Fauchier
Author
Alan John Camm
Author
Elena Arbelo
Author
Giuseppe Boriani
Author
Flemming Skjoeth
Author
John Rumsfeld
Author
Frederick Masoudi
Author
Yutao Guo
Author
Boyoung Joung
Author
Marwan M Refaat
Author
Young-Hoon Kim
Author
Christine M Albert
Author
Jonathan Piccini
Author
Alvaro Avezum
Author
Gregory Y H Lip
Author
Bulent Gorenek
Author
Nikolaos Dagres
Author
Francesco Violi
Author
Xin Du
Author
Masaharu Akao
Author
Eue-Keun Choi
Author
Renato D Lopes
Author
Evren Emin Ozcan
Author
Deirdre Lane
Author
Francisco Marin
Author
Christopher Peter Gale
Author
Kevin Vernooy
Author
Gulmira Kudaiberdieva
Author
Valentina Kutyifa
Author
Vassil B Traykov
Author
Carolina Guevara
Author
Tze-Fan Chao
Author
Sana M Al-Khatib
Author
You may be interested in
