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Chocolate consumption and risk of heart failure: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Sub-topic : Nutrition, Malnutrition and Heart Disease
Session type : Poster Session
Authors : C Krittanawong (New York,US), A Tunhasiriwet (bangkok,TH), M Rodriguez (New York,US), B Yue (New York,US), HU Hassan Virk (Philadelphia,US), E Herzog (New York,US)
C. Krittanawong1
,
A. Tunhasiriwet2
,
M. Rodriguez1
,
B. Yue1
,
H.U. Hassan Virk3
,
E. Herzog1
,
1Mount Sinai School of Medicine - New York - United States of America
,
2Bangkok Heart Hospital, Center of Preventive Cardiology - bangkok - Thailand
,
3Albert Einstein Medical Center, Division of Cardiovascular Disease - Philadelphia - United States of America
,
Introduction: Dark chocolate and cocoa intakes are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality. Since no prior research has been published on the relationship between chocolate intake and heart failure (HF). Existing observational studies that evaluated the risk of HF with chocolate consumption show conflicting results and are not directly applicable to the general population.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations among chocolate consumption and the risk of HF.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from database inception through April 2017. Observational studies that reported hazard ratios (HRs) or odd ratios (ORs) of the associations between chocolate consumption and HF were included. Data were extracted by one reviewer and then reviewed by two independent reviewers. Any conflicts were resolved through consensus. Using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects models, we calculated pooled HRs and pooled ORs with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. The quality of the included studies and the publication bias were assessed.
Results: From the 224 retrieved articles, we identified 5 prospective studies with 575,852 individuals and 24,649 HF events. Moderate chocolate consumption (1–3 servings/month) was associated with a 23% lower risk of HF (pooled risk ratio [RR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.98; p=0.36; I2 = 2.21%) than no regular chocolate intake. In contrast, high chocolate consumption (≥1 servings/day) was associated with a 17% higher risk of HF (pooled RR, 1.17; 95% CI: 1.12–1.60; p=0.82; I2 = 0%) than no regular chocolate intake.
Conclusions: The present study confirms the association of high chocolate consumption with the risk of HF. In contrast, moderate chocolate consumption may reduce the risk of HF. Limit daily chocolate consumption may be needed. However, further prospective studies are needed to identify residual confounders.
This content is currently on FREE ACCESS, enjoy another 15 days of free consultation
In these unprecedented times, the ESC is doing everything it can to support its community: FREE access to all ESC 365 content until 31 July: explore more than 125,000 educational resources.
In line with the ESC mission, newly presented content is made available to all for a limited time (4 months for ESC Congress, 3 months for other events). ESC Professional Members, Association Members (Ivory & above) benefit from year-round access to all the resources from their respective Association, and to all content from previous years. Fellows of the ESC (FESC), and Professionals in training or under 40 years old, who subscribed to a Young Combined Membership package benefit from access to all ESC 365 content from all events, all editions, all year long. Find out more about ESC Memberships here.
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